Compositions prepared from amylaceous substances



Patented Dec. 19, 1939 PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITIONS PREPARED FROM AMYLA- CEOUS SUBSTANCES Hans F, Bauer, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Stein,

Hall Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 14, 1938, Serial N0. 184,929. Renewed July 22, 1939 11 Claims. (o1.-134--- 2a4)v 10 and useful amylaceous compositions capable of,

forming clear films. Another object is the provision of new and useful coating and impregnating compositions for paper, cloth and similar materials. A further object is the provision of 15 compositions which have unusually powerful adhesive qualities and are especially useful in the more difiicult type of adhesive applications, as, for instance, in making envelopes of bond paper. Another object is the provision of amylaceous 20 compositions which will form a film or coating on paper without tending to check or crack, discolor, crystallize or become too hygroscopic. Another object is the preparation of amylaceous film-forming and adhesive compositions which 25 are rendered substantially non-curling by a combination of ingredients therein. Still a further object is the preparation of adhesive compositions which are suitable for making wall papers having a self-contained adhesive. Other objects will appear hereinafter. p

In accomplishing these objects in accordance with the present invention, film-forming, adhesive, coating and impregnating compositions are prepared by reacting an amylaceous substance 35 with a substantially water solubleurea and an alkali metal acetate. In carrying out this reaction I have found that starches .which are nor? mally insoluble and undispersible in water at ordinary temperatures may be dispersed in water 40 at ordinary temperatures after being reacted with a mixture of a molten alkali metal acetate and jnolten urea. If water is added, a reaction between the amylaceous substances, urea and acetate may be carried out at ordinary temperatures or at elevated temperatures varying from about 140 F. to about 180 F. When ordinary temperatures are used, the total amount of urea and sodium acetate shouldpreferably be relative-- 1y large in order to produce compositions containing starch in a dispersed state. It has been recognized heretofore that starch may readily be dispersed by means of caustic alkali, and urea has been used in small amounts in making plyand the like.

wood adhesives from starches, oxidizing agents and caustic alkalis in order to reduce the water requirements. Prior to my invention it had not been realized/however, that urea alone, if used in sufficiently large amounts, will disperse 5 starches at ordinary temperatures, nor has anyone heretofore suggested the advantage of reacting both an alkali metal acetate such as sodium acetate and a urea with an amylaceous substance to produce film-forming, adhesive, coating and impregnating compositions.

In practicing the invention, I have found that not only will sodium acetate per se disperse starches, but also that the use of sodium acetate in amylaceous compositions,'particularly in'conjunction with urea, has certain very decided advantages. Thus; sodium acetate tends to'produce clear, colorless, transparent film-forming compositions when reacted with starches in conjunction with urea, while without the sodium acetate, such compositions are normally opaque or milky in appearance. The action of sodium acetate is apparently that of a crystallization inhibitor for the urea which otherwise tends to give the compositions a white or milky appearance and tends to produce films having a similar appearance. Sodium acetate at relatively high concentrations also apparently acts as a wetting agent, tending to reduce the surface tension of the resultant compositions and thereby increasing the bond or aflinity of such compositions for fibrous materials including paper, cloth, leather Furthermore,- sodium acetate may be used in relatively large amounts without unduly increasing the hygroscopic characteristics 5 of the resultant compositions. Additionally, the

- combined use of sodium acetate and urea in making amylaceous compositions apparently reduces or entirely prevents curling-of such compositions'when applied to paper or other flexible 40 sheet materials, which does not seem to be true when either one alone is used.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the invention are preferably substantially neutral, mildly acid or mildly alkaline. No sodium hy- 4 droxide or other caustic alkalis are required in their preparation. If desired, they may contain auxiliary gelatinizing agents of the neutral or acid type, bleaching agents, wetting agents, fillers, pigments, dispersing agents, absorbents and urea stabilizing agents.

The inventipn will be further illustrated, but is not limited, by the following examples in which the quantities are stated in parts by weight unless otherwise indicated:

Example I -A starch composition was prepared by mixing together 55.5 parts of Hercules starch,,22.2 parts of urea, 33.3 parts of sodium acetate and 72 parts of water, until the starch had gelatinized into a paste. The mixing was carried on at a temperature, of 180 F. in order to accelerate the gelatinization. The resultant composition was a white paste at ordinary temperatures and gave clear films on glass and paper. The sodium acetate apparently tends to prevent crystallization of any of the components of the mixture and imparts a gloss to the film. Compositions of this type are especially useful as adhesives on the scribedin1Example I.

rear flaps of envelopes where it is desirable that the adhesive appear in glossy form. The adgave clear, glossy films which did not tend to.

check or crack. When bond paper containing These compositions were all prepared by mixing the ingredients at room temperature for about ten to fifteen minutes until a homogeneous gelatinous mass was obtained and then allowing them to stand overnight.

The consistency of these compositions was observed at regular intervals for two weeks. Compositions 1, 2 and 3 were too heavy to fiow at all times. Composition 4 would barely flow at room temperature of72" F. for the flrst six days and after standing for two weeks would not flow. Composition 5 flowed freeIy spread very freely and penetrated more than the others of the series. Composition 6 flowed freely and spread easily.

Strips of bond paper (made from 100% rag) were sealed together with each of the six compositions and left in an oven at a temperature of 210 F. for 96 hours. All of the seals were colorless and had firm bonds. Films of the composition were dried at room temperature upon glass. The gloss effect was determined by'allowing the compositions to dry on bond paper'for 24 hours.

one of thesefllms which had been previously dried was moistened with water and pressed against another piece of such paper, excellent adhesion of paper to paper was obtained.

Example II A composition was prepared by mixing to gether 55.5 parts of Hercules starch, 22.3 parts of urea, 22.2 parts of 'sodium acetate and 72 parts of water, at a temperature of 165 to 180 F., for. about. five minutes. The resultant composition was a'white fluid substance having properties "of gloss and adhesion similar to those de- Example III Example IV v A composition was prepared by mixing together 18.5' parts of urea, 6 parts of sodium was'obtained. The product possessed good acetate, 15 parts of tapioca dextrin of the type described in Example III, 60 parts of a highly soluble light yellow tapioca dextrin capable of taking up'about 0.6 part of water per part of dextrin, 0.5 part of sodium bisulfite and 30 parts of water. This mixture was heated at 165 F. until a gelatinous composition of fluid consistency glue and adhesive properties.

Example V The following compositions were prepared by various columns listed below:

Example VI The following compositions were prepared by mixing together the ingredients shown in the various columns listed below:

Hercules Der- Sodium starch trln Urea acetate water Same as in Example V.

These compositions were prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example V. Composition 1 flowed freely and spread easily. Composition 2 flowed after six days, but did not flow after standing for two weeks. Films of both compositions on glass were tough but not as hard or crystalline as the compositions of Example V. Strips of standard bond paper sealed with these compositions as in Example V had a good bond after'being in the oven for 96 hours.

Example VII The following compositions were prepared by mixing together the ingredients shown in the various columns listed below:

Hercules White Sodium Characteristics tapioca Urea Water of roductdextrin' uidity l 50 80 50 20 60 Flows. 2 40 80 60 20 60 Flows easily.

3 30 8O 50 2o 60 Flows freely.

4 20 80 50 20 60 Flows easily.

35.1% soluble in water.

These compositions were prepared by mixing the foregoing ingredients as in Example V. Com- H m1 s d Glmrac teristics of product er es um starch Dextrln' Urea acetate 7 Water Gloss Fluidlty Coating 1 50 g 50 20 so Gloss Doesnotflow Good. 2 40 50 20 60 Good gloss do Do.- 3 30 80 60 20 60 s Fair. 4 20 80 b0- 20 60 Thin. 80 60 20 60 one Flows freely Do. 6 80 60 60 Slight dn Do.

' A white corn dextrin product which i about to water soluble.

gloss when dried on standard bond paper for 24 hours. Good films were obtained. Strips of bond paper sealed with compos tions of this series and dried in a steam-heated oven for '96 hours had a very good bond.

Example VIII The following compositions were prepared by mixing together the ingredients shown in the various, columns listed below:

White Characteristics Hercules Sodium ta ioca Urea Water of roduct stamh de trin acetate uidity 1 50 80 34 20 60 Flows well. 2 60 80 34 10 60 Barely flows. 3 40 80 34 10 60 Flows. 4 40 80 34 5 60 Flows. 6 80 34 10 60 Flows. 6 40 80 25 10 60 Does not flow.

.35.1% soluble in water.

These compositions, prepared as in Example V,

- showed the effect of using less urea and sodium '96 hours had good bonds and showed no discoloration.

Example IX A composition was prepared by mixing together 100 parts of a highly soluble yellow tapioca dextrin capable of taking up about 0.6 part of water per part 0; dextrin, 25 parts of white .tapioca dextrin about 40% to 45% water soluble,

30 parts of urea, 10 parts of sodium acetate, 1 part of sodium perborate and 50 parts of water. The mixture was heated to a temperature of 165 F. in about ten minutes and allowed to cool normally. The resultant product possessed good adhesive and film-forming properties.

Example X A composition was prepared by mixing together 62.5 p'artsof the white corn dextrin 14% to 15% soluble in water, 25 parts of urea, 12.5 parts of sodium acetate, 0.25 part of citric acid and 32 parts of water. This mixture was heated to a temperature of 175 F. and allowed to 0001 normally. The resultant product was found to be useful as a seam gum for sealing seams of bond envelopes.

- Example XI A composition was prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example X, except that 62.5 parts of a 25% water soluble dextrin were substituted for the 62.5 parts of the'white corn dextrin. Good results were obtained with the resultant composition when used as a seam glue.

Example XII The following compositions were prepared by and 6% Royaltapioca.

mixing the ingredients together as shown in the various columns listed below:

Corndext- Sodium Citric 1:3 flog, Urea acetate acid Water produced good films on varioustypes of paper including bond paper and were found to be useful as backing or similar gums for bond envelopes.

Emmpe XIII A blend was made by mixing together 64% chlorinated corn starch sold under the trade name of Hercules starch (fluid at 1 part to 3 parts of water), 25% urea, 5% sodium acetate and 6% Royal tapioca. After these ingredients had been thoroughly blended, an adhesive composition was made by mixing water therewith in proportions corresponding to about 2 parts of water per each part of blend. This mixture was then heated to 175 F. until clear.

It was coated on the back of wall-paper in a thin film which was allowed to dry. Wall-paper thus prepared was non-curling, non-cracking, flexible and the adhesive was non-tacky under ordinary atmospheric conditions. When the adhesive is moistened it will take up relatively large amounts of water, and the paper possesses excellent sl'p characteristics so that it will slide from one place to another after it has been applied to a wall and before the adhesive is dried. Blisters, wrinkles and thelike, which sometimes form in the paper when it is applied, readily shrink out when the paper dries, on the wall.

In this example the amount of sodium acetate may be increased from 5% to 15%, the amount of urea being correspondingly decreased.

Example XIV A blend was prepared bymixing together 64% Hercules starch, 25% sodium acetate, 5% urea This blend was then mixed with water in proportions corresponding to 1 part blend to about 2.5 parts of water and was applied to the back of wall-paper with excellent results similar to those described in Example XIII.

In this example the amount of urea may be increased from 5% to 15%, the amount of sodium acetate being correspondingly decreased.

Example XV This product may be employed as a coating for wall-paper. It is non-hygroscopic, has excellent slip characteristics, powerful adhesive qualities and avery hard surface. For some purposes, it is desirable to be able to crack the surface without causing the adhesive to chip off and the above described composition possesses such characteristics. On the other,hand, compositions of the character described containing both urea and sodium acetate have a relatively soft surface.

5 Example XVI A blend was prepared by mixing together 15 parts of sodium acetate, 35 parts of white corn dextrin (75% to 80% soluble), 5 parts of Royal o tapioca and 45 parts of a partially dextrinized wheat starch preparedv by dextrinizing wheat in the presence of a gel inhibiting agent suchas ,a bisulfite, as described in my United States Patent 1,969,347. The last mentioned product 15 is known commercially as Protamyline.-

This blend was then heated with 2 parts of water per part of blend to about 180 F. until a uniform gelatinous product was produced. An excellent adhesive coating composition was obm tained particularly suitable for making wallpaper having a self-contained adhesive.

Example XVII A blend was prepared by mixing together 77% :5 partially dextrinized wheat starch (Protamyline) 16% urea, 4% sodium acetate and 3% Royal tapioca. This was cooked to a pniform dispersion with 3 parts of water per part of blend at about 180 F. I 30 The resultant composition is an excellent adhesive coating composition for decalcomania paper. For instance, the decalcomania may be prepared by coating the above composition on a suitable paper, and drying the coating, then applying a coating of a highly soluble compositon consisting of one part of water cooked with one part of a blend of 66%% Elight dextrin and 33 V;% white tapioca dextrin (40% soluble). Over this coat is-then applied a lacquer 40 coating, a print design, and anotherlacquer coating. If desired, the order of steps may be reversed.

' Example XVIII A blend was prepared by mixing together 15 parts of Royal tapioca starch, 35-parts of corn starch, 15 parts of urea and 35 parts of sodium acetate. This blend was then cooked with 5 parts of water per part of blend at a temperature of about 180.F. to 212 F. for 15 minutes until a uniform dispersion had been obtained. The resultant composition was excellent for use in making wall-paper having a self-contained adhesive.

Example XIX A blend was prepared by mixing together 20 parts of Royal tapioca starch, 30 parts of com 7 starch, 20 parts of urea and 30 parts of sodium acetate. This blend was then cooked with parts of water per part of blend at a temperature of about 180 F. to 212 F. for 15 minutes until a uniform dispersion had been obtained. 75 The resultant composition was excellent for use in making wall-paper having a self-contained adhesive.

Example XXI A blend was prepared by mixing together 15 5 parts of Royal tapioca starch, 35 parts of-corn starch, 30 parts of urea and 20 parts of sodium acetate. This blend was then cooked with 5 parts of water per part of blend at a temperature of about 180 F. to 212 F. for 15 minutes 10 until a uniform dispersion had been obtained. The resultant compositionwas excellent for use in making wall-paper having a self-contained adhesive.

' Example XXII A blend was prepared by mixing together parts of Royal tapioca starch, 30 parts of corn starch and 50 parts of sodium acetate. This blend was then heated with about 5 parts of 20 water per part of blend to a temperature of 180 F. for 15 minutes. An excellent adhesive for use in making wall-paper having a self-contained adhesive was thus obtained.

Example XXIII A blend was prepared by mixing together 25 parts of Royal tapioca starch, 25 parts of corn starch and 50 parts of urea. This blend was then heated with 5 parts of water per part of blend for about'15 minutes at about 180 F. to 200 F. until a uniform dispersion had been obtained. The resultant composition is an excellent film-forming composition and when applied to wall-paper and dried in any suitable manner 85 in order to form a wall-paper having a self-contained adhesive, this composition has excellent slip characteristics and adhesive qualities'on remoistening.

In the last three examples it will be noted that both of the starch components of the composi- 40 tions described have relatively high water absorptive capacities although the water absorptive capacity of each component is diflerent. In these adhesives the stringiness characteristic of tapioca is compensated for by the shortness of the corn starch and the combination of the two produces excellent results:

It will be apparent that modifications may be made in the proportions of the various compositions and in the use of auxiliary agents in preparing them. The dextrins may be such as are derived from starches by the usual methods of conversion, for example, hydrolysis, oxidation, heating or enzymatic action. starches and dextrins derived from wheat, rice, barley, corn, cats,

rye, potato, cassava and sago may be used. In some instances, it is preferable to use mixtures of starches and dextrins in preparing the compositions herein described. In other instances, as illustrated in the examples, it is preferable to use mixtures of different types of starches of varying water absorptive capacities.

While the best results have been obtained in the use of urea per se, it will be understood that other ureas and particularly water soluble ureas having 05 a similar action, may be employed to replace urea wholly or in part. Hence, the expression a urea" is herein employed to cover substituted urea, e. g., monomethyl urea, monoethyl urea, symmetrical dimethyl urea and higher homologues as well as 7 analogues, e. g., thiourea.

The proportions of urea andalkali metal acetate are subject to variation depending upon such factors as the type of amylaceous substance and the quantity of water. If the' composition con- 7 tains a starch'in substantial amounts, say 10% or more based upon the total weight of the amylaceous material, it is preferable to use a relatively large amount of urea and alkali metal acetate, for

instance, a total urea and sodium acetate content in excess of about 25% of the total solids content of the composition. The lower limits of the amounts of urea and alkali metal acetate employed in treating amylaceous substances containing starch are those amounts which will produce a product which is gelatinous at ordinary tempen atures as distinguished from a hard solid which cannot be readily applied and cannot be readily flowed into films. of a highly soluble dextrin nature and readily forms a homogeneous suspension in water at ordinary temperatures and pressures, the amounts of urea and alkali metal acetate may be relatively small. The amounts of urea and alkali metal acetate-are preferably such that the urea and alkali metal acetate will dissolve in the water present when the ingredients are reacted with an amylaceous substance in the presence of water.

Generally speaking, the minimum amount of urea is about'5%, the minimum amount of alkali metal acetate is about 5%, the maximum amount of the amylaceous materials present. If starches of to about 15% soluble).

starch known in the trade as thin boiling 90,

white tapioca dextrin, about 8% to about 10% soluble, and low soluble corn dextrins (about 8% As examples of amylaceous substances which have high water absorptive capacities may be mentioned Royal tapioca,

which is high grade cassava starch, and potato starch, both of which have a water absorptive capacity of about 16 to about 18 parts ofwater per part of starch. Corn starch which has an absorptive capacity from about 12 to about 15 parts of water per part of starch may be employed, although it tends to give a rather short body in the adhesives. absorptive capacity of about 8 to about 10 parts water per part of starch may also be used.

The term low water absorptive capacity" is employed herein,as applied to amylaceous materials, to define amylaceous materials which will become fluid upon the addition of about 4 parts ofwater or less. The expression high water absorptive capacity is used to describe materials which will take up and become fluid when heated with about 8 parts of water or more.

It is usually preferable that a starch of low water absorptive capacity, saywithin the range of 1 part of starch to 2 to 3 parts of water, form the major portion of the solids present in the adhesive composition and also represent a major portion of high water absorptive capacity are employed, they preferably form a minor portion of the adhesive composition and usually less than the combinedv amount of urea and alkali metal acetate. Generally speaking, in making wall-paper adhesives the amount of starch having high water absorptive capacity is preferably in the range of about 5% to about 12% of thetotal solids and about 8% the neighborhood of about 2% or less.

If the amylaceous material is Thin boiling corn starch having an.

to about 15% of the amount of starch having a low water absorptive capacity. The total amount of urea and sodium acetate is preferably not greater than about 45% of the total solids and preferably within a range of about 25% to about 45% of the total solids.

In some instances it may be desirable to add an acid as a urea stabilizing agent, For this purpose very small amounts of acid are required, being in Acids which are normally solid at ordinary temperatures are preferred, for example, citric acid,.tartaric acid, malic acid, boric acid and the like.

The sodium acetate employed may be granulated or powdered sodium acetate, either 90% or anhydrous, the first mentioned being preferred. Sodium diacetate having available acetic acid ofv from 33% to 35% may also be used.

Urea is practically neutral, and sodium acetate in water ordinarily has a ,pH of from '7 to 8. Generally speaking, it is preferable to carry out the treatment of the amylaceous substance as previously described at a pH less than about 8.

Urea may be used without sodium acetate or sodium acetate without urea, but the combination of both appears to give results which are more than merely additive. tate may be replaced in part by other starch gelatinizing agents, as, for example, resoi'cinol, chloral hydrate, sodiun salicylate, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium acetate. Compounds of phenolic nature, however, sometimes suffer from the disadvantage that the compositions tend to tum'dark.. The compound chosen, furthermore, should preferably be one which is normally solid at ordinary temperatures and one which is not too hygroscopic. Bleaching agents may be used, for example, sodium bisulflte or sodium hydrosulfite. Fillers may be used to give body to the product, as for examp1e,.clay, kaolin, zinc oxide and the like.

' In preparing the compositions, the amount of water may vary depending upon the nature and proportions of the ingredients. Less water is usually required with dextrins than with starches. For instance, a dextrin may take up from about 0.5 part to 2.0 parts of water per part of dextrin; a so-called modified starch may be capable of taking up from2 to 15 parts of water perpart of starch, and an undegenerated starch may take up about 15 to 30 parts of water to each part of and film-forming characteristics and to produce a colloidal dispersion or solution. In making envelope adhesives it'is generally preferable that the ratio of water to total solids be within the range of about 1 to 4 to 1 to 1. In making adhesives for the seams of paper .bagsit is, preferable to use from 1 to 3.5 parts of water per part of solids. In making wall-paper adhesives it is preferable to regulate the proportions of im gradients in such a way that the waterrequirements in preparing the composition are about 1 to about 4 parts of water per part of blended solid ingredients. v

If desired, a base material may be prepared by merely mixing together the solid ingredients in the dry state. This mixture may then be treated with water to form an adhesive composition. Compositions prepared by merely mixing together. the urea, alkali metal acetate and amylaceous .materials are especially suitable for shipment as' such. Instead of merely mixing the ingredients at ordinary temperatures and pressures, the urea,

The urea and sodium acealkali metal acetate and amylaceous substance may be heated together without the addition of water at a temperature above the melting point of the urea and alkali metal acetate and the resultant' composition allowed to cool and then ground;

It will be recognized that the time of mixing will vary depending upon the size of ,the batch and the efliciency of the apparatus. Usually the mixing is effected until a homogeneous gelatinous product is obtained. The temperatures employed 7 should be below temperatures at which substantial decomposition of the urea and alkali metal acetate occur. Atmospheric, subatmospheric or superatmospheric pressures may be employed.

The method of applying the compositions to paper or other material to be coated or impregnated may vary widely depending upon the particular composition and the particular type of material to which it is applied. Any of the well known methods of coating may be used, including well known methods of utilizing doctor blades and well known expedients such as reverse curling of the paper or other material to be coated Good results have been obtained in utilizing certain'of the compositions herein described for flexible sheet materials since the presence of the alkali metal acetate with the other ingredients of thecomposition apparently tends to inhibit or prevent curling, and the results obtained in this respect with the combined use of urea and sodium acetate are'much better than with either of these materials alone. The compositions are not limited to use in coating or impregnating flexible sheet materials but may be used in coating, impregnating and sizing all types of fibrous materials including paper, cloth and similar materials. Likewise they may be used in coating wood, glass and metal, for example, metal cans. Good results are obtained in gluing varnished labels on cans. The compositions described may also be used in making tight wrapped boxes with- V out warping. Since my compositions are substantially free from oxidizing agents and other substances which might prove harmful to dyes,

they can readily be used in coating and impregnating dyed paper and fabrics.

Having thus described the invention, what-I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 'is: -7

1. An adhesive composition comprising a reaction product of sin-amylaceous substance, a substantially water soluble urea and an alkali metal acetate in water, said urea-and alkali metal acetate being substantially the sole solubilizing agents for the amylaceous substance present in said composition, the urea being present in a minimum amount of about 5% and the alkali ,motal acetate being present in sufficient amount 1h p'roducea composition, the dried mm of which properties'when moistened.

m clearQflexible, and have strong re-tacklng 2. An adhesive composition comprising a water-dispersed reaction product of a substantially water soluble urea, an alkali metal acetate and a mixture of amylaceous substances of difl'ering acetatein water, said urea and alkali metal acewhich are clear, flexible and have strong re-tackwater absorptive capacities, said urea and alkali metal acetate being substantially the sole solu- V .bilizing agents for the amylaceous substances; present in said composition, the urea being present in a minimum amount of about 5% and the 5 alkali metal acetate being present in sufiicient amount to produce a composition capable of forming films which when dried are clear and flexible and have strong vre-tacking properties when moistened.

3. An adhesive composition comprising a water-dispersed reaction product of a substantially water soluble urea, an alkali metal acetate and a plurality of amylaceous substances including an amylaceous substance having low water absorptive capacity and an amylaceous substance having a high water absorptive capacity, said urea and alkali metal acetate being substantially the sole solubilizing agents for the amylaceous substances present in said composition, the urea being present'in a minimum amount of about 5% and the alkali metal acetate being present in suflicient amount to produce a composition capable of forming films which when dried are clear and flexible and have strong re-tacking properties when moistened.

4. An adhesive composition comprising a reaction product of an amylaceous substance, a sub-' stantially water-soluble urea and an alkali metal tate being substantially the sole solubilizing agents for the'amylaceous substance present in saidcomposition, the minimum and maximum amounts of urea being about 5% and about 40% respectively, based upon total solids, and the-minimum and maximum amounts of alkali metal acetate being about 5% and about 30% respectively, based upon total solids, the relative proportions of said urea and alkali metal acetate being suflicient to produce a composition forming films which when dried are clear and flexible, and have strong re-tacking properties when moistened.

5. An adhesive composition the dried films of 45 ing properties when moistened, said composition acetate being about 5% and about 30% respectively based upon the total solids.

urea being about 5% and about 40%, respectively based upon the total solids and the minimum and maximum amounts of alkali metal acetate being about 5%. and about 30% respectively, based upon total solids, the relative portions of said urea and 70 alkali metal acetate being sufiicient to produce a composition capable of forming clear flexible dried films having strong re-tacking properties when re-moistened.

7. An adhesive-composition comprising a reaction product of a substantially water soluble urea, an alkali metal acetate, a starch and a dextrin, said urea and alkali metal acetate being substantially the sole solubilizing agents for the amylaceous substances present in said composi tion, the minimum and maximum amounts of urea being about and about 40%, respectively, based upon total solids and the minimum and maximum of alkali metal acetate being about 5% and about 30%, respectively, based upon total solids, the relative proportions of said urea and alkali metal acetate being suflicient to produce a composition forming clear films when dried having strong re-tacking properties when re moistened.

8. An adhesive composition yielding dried films which are clear and have strong re-tacking proprange of about 5% to about 12%, of the total solids and being about 8% to about 15% of the amount of starchhaving a low water absorptive capacity, the minimum and maximum amounts of urea being about 5% and about 40%, respectively, based upon total solids, and the minimum and maximum amounts of alkali metal acetatebeing about 5% and about 30%, respectively, based upon total solids, the relative proportions of said urea and alkali metal acetate being sufficient to produce a composition forming clear films when dried and having strong re-tacking properties when re-moistened.

9. An adhesive composition consisting essentially of a reaction product of an amylaceous substance, urea and sodium acetate in water, the minimum and maximum amounts of urea being about 5% and about 40%, respectively, based upon total solids and the minimum and maximum amounts of sodium acetate being about 5% and about 30%, respectively, based upon total solids, the relative proportions of urea and sodium acetate being sufficient to produce a composition forming clear, flexible, dried. films. a

10. A re-moistening' adhesive composition consisting essentially'of a water-dispersed reaction I product of starch, urea and sodium acetate, the total amounts of urea and sodium acetate corresponding to about 25% to about 50% of the total solids, the minimum and maximum amounts of urea being about 5% and about 40%, respecamounts in excess of about 5% by weight of the total solids, the proportions of the ingredients in said composition being such as to producefiexible,

clear, dried films thereof having re-tack properties when moistened. c

' HANS F. BAUER. 

